The Winchester-Hotchkiss bolt action were based on a patent by Benjamin B. Hotchkiss purchased by Winchester in 1876. They were submitted to the Ordnance Board Trials in 1878. Only 500 of these First Model carbines were manufactured for the U.S. Cavalry, and most were converted into Second Models. It has the standard military sights and inspection markings. The left side of the receiver is marked with the three-line address and patent information and has the serial number at the rear. A saddle ring mounted on the left side of the stock, and it has a nickel plated brass forend cap with compartment for holding a two-piece cleaning rod (not included). The left side of the stock has an oval "ESA/1878" cartouche suggesting the stock is from one of the 1878 trials carbines.

Good as possibly arsenal refinished with brown patina and light oxidation on most of the metal, fairly bright bolt body, and general light scratches. The stock is very good with crisp cartouches and has dark oiled finish, a small hairline crack between the bolt handle and cutoff, additional minor cracks at the tail of the receiver, and general scrapes and dings. Mechanically fine.