1) European broad axe, 39 1/2 inches overall, with an 11 1/4 inch wide, 3 inch long blade riveted to a steel head, with a 33 1/4 inch long shaft, flared at the top with a smooth oval grip and a knob pommel. 2) European broad axe, 28 1/2 inches overall, with a 6 inch long iron head, 6 1/2 inch long edge, and a curved shaft with metal cap. 3) Broad axe, 16 1/2 inches overall, with a 7 inch wide head and a 7 1/2 inch long edge, with a flat hammer head on the rear, a piercing in the blade, 3 maker/control stamps with 1 appearing to be a Swiss Solothurn control stamp, and the other 2 appear to be the outstretched head and neck of a bird. Has a smooth oval hardwood shaft. Provenance: The William Ashby Collection

1) Fair, with pitting and a mixed brown and gray patina on the steel, dents and scratches on the wood, and mild handling marks overall. The replaced shaft does not completely fill the eye of the head. 2) Fair. The head is extensively pitted and is much smaller than it was originally. The shaft appears to be a later replacement. 3) Fine, with a mixed brown and gray patina, scattered pitting, and mild handling marks. 1 stamp is faint and the other 2 are visible. The replaced shaft shows some cracks and chipping.