Approximately 1,000 of these unique two shot rifle-muskets were manufactured by J.P. Lindsay of New York between 1863-1864. They are known to have been tested by or issued to the 5th, 16th, and 23rd Michigan and 9th New Hampshire. The 9th tested "the new double-shooting rifles" on November 8th, 1864 and found that they "...showed off their demerits to good advantage, flashed, fizzled, and failed famously; enough to secure their condemnation and a speedy exchange to the Springfield rifle." However, it appears the 16th Michigan carried the rifles for at least a short time during the Petersburg campaign. "LINDSAY/PATENT'D.OCT.9.1860" marked on top of the breech. Two oval script "ADK" (Andrew D. King) inspection cartouches stamped on the left stock flat.