12,501 of these rifles were reportedly ordered from Remington by the Ordnance Department between 1862-1865 during the Civil War for the Union. Government records listed them as "Harpers Ferry Pattern" rifles, and they have similarities to both the Model 1841 and Model 1855 rifles that were manufactured at Harpers Ferry prior to the Civil War but are of a unique pattern. The Model 1863 "Zouave" nickname is of unclear origins, and whether or not any of these rifles saw use in the war remains unclear, although they are still considered to be a secondary issue Civil War arm. "1863" dated lock and barrel. "H.S.L" (Homer S. Lathe) inspection initials marked on the left barrel flat at the breech next to "STEEL". Boxed script "HDJ" (Henry D. Jennings) and "BH" (Benjamin Hannis) inspection cartouches stamped on the left stock flat. The brass patch box contains an extra percussion nipple. An old brass oval inventory plaque stamped with number "627" is affixed to the right of the buttstock.