Spencer Repeating Rifle Co. manufactured the Model 1865 carbines in 1865-1866, serial numbered in the approximate range 1-23000, chambered for use with 56-50 "50 Spencer" rimfire. Spencers continued to be used by the U.S. Army in the American West after the Civil War during various conflicts with Native American tribes until they were replaced by the Springfield Trapdoor rifles and carbines. Some of these Spencer carbines were sold as surplus to France for use during the Franco-Prussian War, and that is likely the case with this example given the 1890s German "crown/V" on hand marks stamped on the top of the barrel and frame at the breech. It otherwise has the standard markings and features of the Model 1865 Spencers and is equipped with the Stabler cut-off. A small circular brass inventory plaque numbered "728" is affixed to the bottom of the buttstock behind the lower tang. Many of the U.S. surplus arms sold to the French were never used, but you still very rarely see a Spencer made after the end of the Civil War that has crossed the pond twice and remains in this high level of condition!